- Sailing Guides: the South African Coast -

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- Sailing Guide to the South African Coast -

The following passage guide is intended to assist the increasing number of yachtspeople sailing the South African coast, from Richards Bay, or Durban, to Cape Town and beyond.

It has been made possible, with the information and advice, from dozens of local and international sailors that have recently transited our shores (the names of the yachts and people that assisted, appear on the last page of this publication), of great assistance too, many thanks to Chris Bonnet, of Sunsail here in Durban, who has been involved in sail training in South Africa for the last 15 years.

My appreciation is also extended to the Hydrographic Office of the S.A. Navy, for their permission to reproduce extracts out of the official publications: Sailing Directions, List of Lights, Radio Signals and SAN Charts. However, this guide is not intended to be a substitute to the above publications, but will hopefully assist a stranger in making a safe passage.

Happy sailing,

Tony Herrick

"Cruising Connections"

Durban - September 1999

WARNING

Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in these Cruising Notes, is as accurate as possible, readers are warned that details do change, and the Editor, the publisher, or any person supplying information for these notes can not accept responsibility for consequences of any error or omission contained in these notes.

Readers are advised to refer to all relevant official charts, publications and notices.

Telephone numbers throughout South Africa are slowly changing, for that reason, "Useful Contacts" are listed on a single page.

All bearings given in the following notes are true, from seaward.

The sailing route from Durban to Cape Town is governed by three major factors

a) THE AGULHAS CURRENT: The current is one of the great ocean currents running mainly from northeast to southwest following the two hundred meter contour of the continental shelf, and dissipating over the Agulhas Bank south of Mossel Bay. Main axis of the current is on or near the two hundred meter line and can run up to 6 knotsat its fastest point. Further detail in the relevant sections.

(b) THE VARIABLE WEATHER PATTERNS: These patterns are governed by low and high pressure systems moving across from the Atlantic Coast of South America and travelling eastwards up the eastern seaboard of the South African Coast.

(c) SHELTERED HARBOURS AND ANCHORAGES-. The third factor is the lack of sheltered harbours and anchorages, particularly between Durban and Port Elizabeth.

ABNORMAL WAVES

It is a known fact that giant waves occur on the South African Coast in the Agulhas current region, where southwesterly gales prevail against the southward flowing Agulhas current. Professor Mallory of Cape Town University analysed the recorded conditions that prevailed each time a number of ships were damaged by exceptional waves, and found that in all cases the dominant waves were always from the southwest. The weather patterns play a major part in that the most dangerous period occurs when cells of low pressure are moving along the coast in a northeasterly direction. These lows are a regular feature of the eastern seaboard area and it often happens that during their passage the wind can change from a near northeasterly gale to a southwesterly gale, sometimes in a matter of minutes. The southwest wind then reinforces the existing waves generated by a short choppy sea, which acts directly against the Agulhas current.

It is the interaction between the strong southwesterly wind and the strong south flowing current which at times can reach 6 knots that creates monstrous freak waves, of which the charts warn-. "abnormal waves of up to 20 metres in height, preceded by deep troughs may be encountered in the area between the edge of the continental shelf and twenty miles to seaward thereof." The warning also describes the necessary evasive action to be taken under unfavourable conditions, namely, to stay clear of the areas seaward of the edge of the continental shelf. In other words, move inshore inside the two hundred meter line. This well established rule has given rise to the belief that the bottom topography plays a part in the generations of giant waves, but in fact this only plays an indirect role.

Please remember that the conditions along the southeast coast of South Africa are unique; the region can only be made safer through an understanding of the forces involved and by treating the seas with respect they deserve, regardless of loss of time. "Do not have a deadline to meet at the other end."

(Reference is made to a research paper - "Giant Wave - Anomalous Seas of the Agulhas Current" - by Ecxart H. Schumann. On view at "Cruising Connections", Durban.)

WEATHER RELATED SAILING CONSIDERATIONS

GENERAL

1 The major wind belts around Southern Africa are influenced primarily by two high pressure systems, namely the South Atlantic High (SAH) and the Indian Ocean High (IOH). These high pressure systems form part of what is known as the subtropical ridge. Because of the effect of Coriolis force, the winds associated with such high pressure systems are deflected to the left in the southern hemisphere, and therefore blow around the highs in an anticlockwise direction. Such systems are also called 'anticyclones'. In contrast to the high pressure systems, to the south there is a belt of low pressure systems, or'cyclones', with associated winds blowing around the lows in a clockwise direction.

2. The closer the isobars are to one another around such highs or lows, the greater the pressure gradient, and consequently the stronger the associated winds. Latitude also affects wind strength, with the winds being weaker closer to the poles for a given pressure gradient. However, because of the balance of forces in the two systems, anticyclones tend to be large, with the strongest winds near the perimeter and light variable winds near the centre. In contrast, for cyclones the strongest winds are associated with small, deep systems.

3. Frictional effects at ground or sea level cause an imbalance between the pressure gradient and Coriolis force, with the result that the winds do not blow exactly parallel to the isobars. There is a net flow towards the low pressures, causing convergence in cyclones (lows) and divergence in anticyclones (highs). The result of this is an updraft at the centre of a low together with the possibility of cloud formation and rain, while the centre of a high will be cloudfree, drier and hofter.

4. The air above particular regions may acquire reasonable uniform properties while passing over those regions. Temperature is one such property that can be used to identify air masses. But what is of importance are the rapid changes that can occur when one air mass is replaced by another at a particular place.

5. Weather, in terms of clouds, rainfall, winds etc., results from the vertical upliftment of air. In particular, fronts occur when two air masses with substantially different temperatures meet. The denser air undercuts and forces the less dense air upwards. Cold fronts occur when, over a period of time, cold air replaces warm air at a particular place. Warm fronts occur when warm air replaces cold. Quite apart from temperature changes, abrupt changes in wind can also be expected with the passage of a front. There are also distinct cloud formations associated with such fronts. Thus cirrus, altocumulus and stratocumulus clouds typically precede a cold front, with the possibility of cumulonimbus clouds bringing heavy rain. On the other hand, the clouds associated with warm fronts are cirrostratus, altostratus and nimbostratus.

6. The duration of an individual frontal low is usually from three to five days. Cold fronts tend to travel faster than the associated warm fronts, and an occlusion occurs when they merge. In these conditions the warmer air rises above the surface, and the system decays rapidly.

TYPICAL SUMMER PATTERN

Shown on the synoptic chart on the front cover of these notes. The system is

dominated by the two high pressure areas, often punctuated by a series of coastal lows.

As the high pressure declines, it is common for the lows to travel rather quickly up the coast from the Cape, with strong to often gale force winds.

A daily synoptic chart and written forecast, is available from the South African Weather Bureau and is displayed at most yacht clubs and sailing schools. A 5 day synoptic forecast is also available, and displayed in Fenton Road, Durban. The 5 day synoptic forecast can also be faxed on request to any yacht club. (See "Useful Contacts" section on page 14).

Obviously nobody can guarantee the weather, but with a careful weather eye and a good barometer, a yacht should make a safe passage around the Cape.

Further detailed information is contained in the 'South African Sailing Directions'.

When to leave? See section 'Durban to East London'.

The weather patterns resulting from the global weather systems move continuously eastward, often with a southward component. There is considerable variation in this movement, but a sequential pattern in the passage of these systems over and to the south of the subcontinent is discernible in the different diagrams.

The top diagram shows the weather around Southern Africa dominated by the SAH and [OH, with a Low and an associated cold front in the westerly belt to the southwest, while a weak coastal Low has formed on the west coast.

The situation in summer is shown in the middle diagram with the front moving to the south of the subcontinent, and the high also ridging in south of the Cape.

In the bottom diagram the front is moving over the east coast, and clouds can extend far inland.

MAJOR LIGHTS

Name Position Characteristic Height Range Remarks

m M

Ponta do Ouro 26’51.4S FI(3)W. 1 Os 114 13 Wh. house

32’53.3E

Jesser Point 27’32.7S FI(4)W.40s 61 25 Wh/Red tower

32’40.7E

Cape Vidal 28’08.9S FI.W. 1 Os 65 25 Yel/Red tower

32’33.2E

Cape St. Lucia 28’30. S FI(2)W. 1 Os 113 24 BIMH. tower

32’24.OE

Richards Bay 28’46.5S FI(3)W. 1 5s 72 25 Wh. Square tower

32’07.7E

Richards Bay Harbour Entrance

South Breakwater 28’48.9S FI.W.3s 1 6 6 RedMh. tower

32’05.9E

Entrance Channel Leading Lights 290015'

Front 28'47.5S Oc(2)R.6s 55

32’02.2E F.R.(By day)

Rear Oc(2)W.6s 73

1550m from front F.W.(By day)

RICHARD'S BAY TO DURBAN

CHART SAN 132,135 OR SAN 61 OR BA 2088

The coast south of Richard's Bay mainly consists of long stretches of white sandy beaches with occasional cliffs and rock outcrops. Settlements again are few, apart from the ones at river mouths. Tugela being the largest. South of the Tugela River, the coastline is steep to, flattening out as one approaches the Port of Durban. The last 15 miles or so are more increasingly built up. At night the loom of the city lights can be seen from 40 miles away.

There are no anchorages worth considering between Richard's Bay and Durban. Richard's Bay to Durban is 85 miles.

DANGERS

Durnford Point, a rounded point, some 5 miles southwest of Richard's Bay is fringed with reefs, 21/2miles either side and extend seaward for about 3 miles. Depths are very irregular, varying from 4 to 20 metres. Vessels should give this area a wide berth, especially at night or in rough conditions. The area is marked with buoys.

LIST OF ADDITIONAL DANGERS

Shoal Water - Durnford Point

28’54'S; 32’02'E

Tenedos Shoal 28'57'S; 31'51'E

Rocky Patches 28’58'S- 31’47'E

Glenton Reef 29’00'S; 31’44'E

Shoal Water NE of Tugela River Mouth

29'13'S; 31’31'E

Spoil Ground (disused) 29'51'S; 31'03'E

Rocky and foul areas 29’50'S- 31’06'E

THE AGUHLAS CURRENT (for this section)

The strongest part of this current is in the vicinity of the 200m depth contour and normally attains its greatest rate during February to April. Occasionally rates up to 6 knots have been observed. Onshore sets should be guarded against especially in the vicinity of Durnford Point after a long period of southerly winds. A weak northerly counter current may be felt close inshore. The 200m depth contour varies in distance from shore, from a few miles in the North to 15 miles off Durnford Point, and 20 miles off Tugela but only about 5 miles off Durban breakwater.

MAJOR LIGHTS

Name Position Characteristic Height Range Remarks

m M

Durnford 28’55.0'S FI(3+1)W.40s 49 18 Wh. Square tower

31’55.0'E Red dome

Tugela 29’13.3'S FI(4)30s 36 23 Square tower

31’30.3'E Red lantern house

Umhlanga 29’43.7'S FI(3)W.20s 25 24 Wh/Red tower

Rocks 31’05.3'E Red lantern house

Shipping Anchorage Beacon

29’48.8'S Q.W. 16 5 Black column

31’02.3'E F.W.(By day)

Durban 29’51.4'S FI.W.7s 145 25 Tallest building

31’01.3'E (occasional)

Durban Harbour Entrance

North Pier 29’52.0'S FI.G.3s 9 6 Black column

31’03.6'E

South Breakwater

29’51.9'S Fl.(2)W.5s 9 6 Black column

31’03.9'E

Entrance Channel Leading Lights

215’30'

Front 29’53.1'S Iso.R.2s 22 12 Yel. triangle on grey tower

31’02.8'E

Rear, 1040m from front Oc.W.4s 44 14 Inverted Yel. triangle on

grey tower

ARRIVAL AT DURBAN

During the day Durban is easily identified, but the coastal resorts north of Durban could raise expectations of an early landfall. Keep your eyes open for the Umhlanga Rocks lighthouse (GpFI(3)W 20 sec) and bear in mind this is about 8M northeast of Durban. Be careful not to confuse this with the Cooper light (Fl W 1 0 sec) which is about 4 M southwest of Durban. About 1,5 M north of the harbour mouth is the Anchorage Beacon that is a narrow beam Fixed White. (Note: the red lights on the Dish Aerials (Conspic) above Umhlanga are usually visible long before Umhlanga Rocks lighthouse comes into view).

The harbour entrance is marked with lights on the North Pier (Fl G 3 sec) and South Breakwater (GpFl (2) W 5sec). On the top of the Bluff, on the south side of the channel is the Signal Tower, which controls shipping movements into and out of the harbour. Contact the Signal Tower in advance by radio and warn them of your arrival. Request permission to enter when approaching the entrance. The Signal Tower keeps listening watch on VHF channel 16. To establish radio contact with the Signal Tower call Durban Harbour Radio.

Note- There are 3 radio stations associated with Durban Harbour

1 .Durban Harbour Radio - situated in the Signal Tower and controls shipping into and

out of Durban.

2. Durban Radio - situated in Pinetown, 16 km inland and handles radiophone calls, puts out weather reports and will relay messages to Durban Harbour Radio if necessary.

3. Durban Port Control - controls commercial vessel movements in and around Durban Harbour.

Lights on top of the tower are used to warn approaching vessels of shipping movements through the entrance channel.

NO LIGHT – Channel clear for use

RED LIGHT – Ship leaving harbour – Keep clear

GREEN LIGHT – Ship entering harbour

FLASHING RED – Harbour entrance closed

These lights may be put on sometimes before the ship enters the channel. Please wait until the channel is clear and the light is out before proceeding. Always call Durban Harbour Radio on channel 16 for permission to proceed through the channel.

Passage down the channel is marked by a pair of leading lights:

White (Occ 4 sec 44m 14M ) over Red (Iso 2 sec 22 m 12 M).

At night these lights can be difficult to identify due to the numerous other lights in the vicinity.

Foreign yachts may be met at the end of the channel by the South African Police Coast

Patrol, which will escort the yacht to a holding area. Alternatively, Durban Harbour

Radio may advise you to proceed to the International Jefty or the Small Craft Basin

which is on your starboard side after you have cleared the harbour entrance. A yellow buoy marks the turning point to enter the Small Craft Basin.

The onus is on you to contact the following departments within twenty-four hours of your arrival.

1. Customs

2. Immigration

3. Port Health

4. Port Liaison Officer

Help with formalities and forms is available from either Durban Marina, Point Yacht Club or Royal Natal Yacht Club.

On arrival visitors raft up to the International Jetty. For a possible marina berth contact Durban Marina at the office on the floating pontoon. They control 350 pontoon moorings and over 200 swinging moorings.

Obtain a copy of "Welcome to Durban" - a sailor's guide. This booklet lists the vast majority of marine related businesses, offering services to yachts, as well as information relating to facilities in Durban. Obtainable from Cruising Connections and most chandieries.

SOME USEFUL CONTACTS

PLACE TELEPHONE FAX EMAIL

BOAT EQUIPMENT

Richard's Bay

Zululand Yacht Services (0351) 788 0252 (0351) 788 0251

Durban

Haven Marine (031) 305 3213 (031) 305 3213

Seaport Supply (031) 304 1624 (031) 306 9243 hastie@icon.co.za

Port Elizabeth

Star Marine (041) 484 7465 (041) 484 3792

Cape Town

Action Yachting (021) 419 4835

Central Boating (021) 424 8026 (021) 424 2564

CHARTS AND BOOKS

Durban

Cruising Connections (031) 304 0108 (031) 304 5023 worldsail@mweb.co.za

Tyneside (031) 337 7005 (031) 332 8139

CRUISING CONNECTIONS

Durban - Tony Herrick (031) 304 0108 (031) 304 5023 worldsail@mweb.co.za

Marine chart exchange, book swap, flags, cruising guides, info., email and fax service

ENGINES AND SPARES

Durban

One Stop Engine Shop (031) 307 4992 (031) 307 4999 onestop@connx.co.za

SAILS

Durban

Doyle (031) 304 5504 (031) 304 5450

North (031) 332 3624 (031) 332 1606

WEATHER

Durban/South Coast

Recorded message

- 5 day Coastal 082 231 1600

- South Coast 082 231 1608

South African Maritime

Mobile (039) 684 6421

Port Elizabeth Airport (041) 581 1795

Cape Town Airport (021) 934 0451

YACHT CLUBS/MARINAS

Zululand Yacht Club (0351) 788 0256 (0351) 788 0254

Durban Marina (031) 301 2176 (031) 305 4514

Point Yacht Club (031) 301 4787 (031) 305 1234

Royal Natal Yacht Club (031) 301 5425 (031) 307 2590

East London Yacht Club (043) 722 2278

Algoa Bay Yacht Club (041) 585 4058 (041) 586 0095

Port St. Francis (042) 294 0191 (042) 294 0196

Knysna Port Captain (044) 382 7781

Knysna Yacht Club (044) 382 5724

Mossel Bay Yacht Club (044) 690 7100 (044) 693 1195

False Bay Yacht Club (021) 786 1703 (021) 786 3925

Hout Bay Yacht Club (021) 790 7095 (021) 790 2585 hbyc@iafrica.com

Royal Cape Yacht Club (021) 421 1354 (021) 421 6028 info@rcyc.co.za

Victoria & Alfred Waterfront (021) 418 2350 (021) 418 9070 info@waterfront.co.za

Saidanha Bay Yacht Club (022) 714 1036

DURBAN TO EAST LONDON

CHART SAN 128 to 131, 135 OR SAN

59 & 60 OR BA 2087 & 2086

DISTANCE: 255 miles

The trip from Durban to East London is two hundred and fifty-five miles with absolutely no possibility of a safe bolthole or shelter the entire way.

Therefore, dependent on the size of your yacht, at least two or three days of favourable weather are imperative. It is suggested to leave Durban at the tailend of a southwesterly blow when the barometer has topped out, preferable at about 1020 millibars. The barometer is, in fact, an invaluable forecasting tool along this coastline for predicting weather conditions and, in particular, the advent of southwesterly gales. So clear customs, Immigration, etc, at the beginning of a southwesterly, which will normally blow from thirty-six to fortyeight hours. Leaving Durban, sail about 3 miles seaward of the two hundred meter contour as soon as possible as this is where the south flowing current will be strongest. It also means that in the event of you not reaching East London before another southwesterly, you can duck inshore very quickly and avoid being caught in the middle of the current with a possibility of severe wave conditions developing. You will find that on average the two hundred meter contour will give you a distance offshore between Durban and East London of approximately 12 miles. It also means that at night you will be in range of lighthouses, and secondly, most north bound shipping will be further inshore of you.

The coast between Durban and a few miles south of port Edward (approx. 90 miles) contains an almost unbroken ribbon of coastal resorts and urban development. Between these, and further inland are lush sugar cane plantations, rolling hills and pine forests. The shoreline consists of white beaches with stretches of rock outcrops and ledges, none of which extend further than a mile offshore, with the exception of Protea reef and Aliwal Shoal (see Danger Section). A few miles SW of Port Edward is the brightly lit and conspicuous Wild Coast Sun Hotel. From here continuing roughly SW the coastline has a far more rugged appearance. Sandy beaches still prevail, however rock outcrops and sunken reefs often extend a few miles seaward.

Start approach to East London from abreast of Cape Morgan lighthouse (assuming that you are in the strength of the Agulhas current about 1 0 miles off), set course to East London breakwater. Be aware that the current is sometimes very strong.

-*Possible Bolt-holes: Shelter may be found by anchoring North of the following positions in a vmsterly to southwesterly gale. Extreme caution should be taken and local knowledge is essential.

a) 32016. l'S; 28053.6'E just North of Mendu Point

b) 32'50.0'S; 28'08.2'E just North of Back Beacon

Note: "Port St. Johns and Port Shepstone" are not ports and are considered unsafe anchorages in almost any condition.

LIST OF DANGERS

lllovo Spit 30'09'S; 30'52'E

5,4m Shoal 30'1 O'S; 30'50'E

Aliwal Shoal Area 30'16'S; 30'50'E

Protea Banks Area 30'50'S; 30'28'E

Mzimvubu River,

bar 31'38'S; 29'33'E

Ubombo Head, reef 31'53'S; 29'16'E

Whale Rock, reef and

Shoal 31'57'S; 29'13'E

Hole in the wall,

rocks 32’03'S; 29006'E

Submerged reef 32’1l'S; 28'59'E

Submerged reef 32'13'S; 28’56'E

Mazeppa Bank,

22m 32’29'S; 28’42'E

Foul ground, Cape

Morgan 32’43'S; 28’21'E

Submerged rocks, Reef

Point 32'51'S; 28’07'E

Heavy surf, Gonubie

Point 32’57'S; 28’02'E

Rocky Bank, Nahoon

Point 33'00'S; 27'57'E

AGULHAS CURRENT

(for this section)

The edge of the continental shelf (200m) lies about 5 miles off Durban's south breakwater and continues SW between this, and 3 miles offshore, widening to roughly 13 miles off East London. The current is usually strongest at the sea side of the shelf edge with an average rate of 3 knots. Off East London the current is normally at its strongest often attaining rates of 6 knots. After Southwesterly gales have been blowing, onshore sets may be encountered especially in the south of this region. A weak northerly counter current may be experienced close inshore. Mariners are strongly warned of the danger that exists of ABNORMAL WAVES - see separate section.

MAJOR LIGHTS

Name Position Characteristics Height Range Remarks

m M

Cooper 29'56. 1 S FI.W. 1 Os 133 26 Red/Wh. tower

31 "00.3E Red lanternhouse

Oil Terminal 30'00.5S FI.W.3s 5 Single buoy Mooring

30’58.4E Floating hoses - 31 Om

Green Point 30’15.OS FI(2)W. 1 5s 86 30 RedNVh. tower

30’46.8E

Ifafa Beach 30’27.8S FI(3)W.30s 35 19 Wh. triangle on tower

30’39.1 E

Port Shepstone 30'44.5S FI.W.6s 24 26 BINVH. checkered tower

30’27.5E Wh. lanternhouse

North Sand 31’03.4S FI(2)W. 1 Os 38 24 Square on tower

Bluff 30’13.5E Red lanternhouse

South Sand 31'19.6S FI.W. 1 Os 82 16 Wh. circle on tower

Bluff 29’57.7E

Cape Hermes 31’38.lS FI.W.3s 55 21 8-sided masonry

tower

29’33.2E Wh. lanternhouse

Mbashe Point 32’14.4S FI(2+1)W.20s 47 28 Wh/Red tower

28’54.9E

Cape Morgan 32’42.4S F I (2)W. 1 Os 61 24 Square on tower

28"21.9E Yel/Bl. bands

Nahoon Point 32'59.9S FI.W.3s 69 8 Wh/Red tower

27’56.7E

East London

East Breakwater

33’01.6S Q. G. 11 2 Wh. tower

27055.1 E

South Breakwater Head

33001.6S Oc.R.2s 16 10 Wh. tower

27055.5E

Fog Signal Horn Mo(Q)30s

East London Leading Lights 249045'

Front 33001.7S F. R. 22 Wh. triangle on tower

27054.9E

Rear 33001.8S Oc.W.3s 38 Yel. diamond on grain

273m from front27054.9E elevator gantry

ARRIVAL AT EAST LONDON

East London is situated at the mouth of the Buffalo River, and is South Africa's' only true river port. Approaching from the northeast, craft are advised to give Nahoon Point a wide berth, as a rocky bank extends over half a mile eastward and southward of this point. The South Breakwater of the port is often hard to see, as it is low. All craft must call East London Port Control on VHF channel 16, for permission to enter.

Visiting yachts raft up at Latimers Landing, just before the overhead bridge, on the north bank of the river. During summer Mosquitoes tend to be a problem.

The East London Yacht Club is open Wednesday and Friday to Sunday. There is a bar and restaurant at the Quayside. Diesel and water are also available.

Supermarkets, shops, medical facilities in the town centre, are a short distance away.

EAST LONDON TO PORT ELIZABETH

CHARTS SAN 127,126 OR SAN 58 OR

BA 2085

DISTANCE: 134 miles

The coastline runs roughly SW in the North to almost westerly closer to Port Elizabeth. In the northern area the beach is mostly sandy, backed by high ground, with rounded, grassy hills. The coastline is rugged in areas with grassy plains intersected by ravines further south. The shores of Algoa Bay, between Woody Cape and Cape Recife is flatter and generally sandy. The city of Port Elizabeth lies at the western end of the bay. A number of rivers are open to the sea, after rain, or when the rivers are in spate, a strong current carries topsoil some distance seaward. It is suggested that boats heading for Port Elizabeth keep to the seaward side of Bird Island and surrounding rocks, at least a 2 mile berth should be given. Note also the rocky foul ground, Riy Bank, 1 0 miles east of Cape Recife and Dispatch Rock 2 miles offshore between Cape Recife and Port Elizabeth.

The positions of these three DANGERS are:

Bird Island 33050'S; 26017'E

Riy Bank 34000'S; 25'52'E

Dispatch or Roman Rock

33059'S; 25'42'E

Note on Bird Islands-. Approx. 33 miles ENE of Port Elizabeth (chart SAN 1025, or BA 2085) there are three recognised anchorages in the vicinity or these islands, but all would be considered unsafe in severe weather. Great care should be taken in the approach to this group, as there are many surrounding rocks. The best anchorage in the group,

to offer shelter in SW winds, is in Stag Bay, to the east of the group. It is clearly marked on the chart.

LIST OF ADDITIONAL DANGERS (mainly not more than 1 mile offshore)

Rock awash 33008'S; 27043'E

Submerged reefs, Christmas Rock area

33'12'S; 27'39'E

Submerged rocks, Kayser's Beach

33'1 3'S; 27'37'E

Submerged reefs, Keiskamma area 33"20'S; 27026'E

Madagascar Reef 33023'S; 27'21'E

Submerged reefs, Mtati River

33025'S-1 27016'E

Rocky ground, Stalwart Point

33'28'S; 27013'E

2,7m rock, Waterloo Bay

33'29'S; 27'10'E

Foul ground, Great Fish River 33030'S; 27009'E

Rock drying 1,5m 33031'S; 27'08'E

Great Fish Point, rock awash

33'32'S; 27007'E

Riet Point reefs 33035'S; 270011'E

Port Alfred reefs and shoals

33'36'S; 26055'E

Kenton-on-Sea reefs 33041'S; 26042'E

Rocky ledge,Cannon Rocks 33'45'S; 26'35'E

Foul ground,Cape Padrone 33'46'S; 26028'E

East Reef 33052'S; 26017'E

Doddington Rock 33051.5'S; 26"16.5'E

West Rock 33051'S; 26015.5'E

North Patch 33'49.5'S; 26017'E

Reef, Woody Cape 33'46'S; 26'21'E

Note: "Port Alfred" is not a deepwater port and is considered an unsafe anchorage in almost any condition. However, there is a Marina development in the river mouth, but the bar is shallow and the entrance is fringed with reefs. The bar can only be negotiated by shallow draught boats, and then only in ideal conditions. Latest information should be sought via VHF, before attempting to enter.

THE AGULHAS CURRENT

(for this section)

As in previous sections, the greatest strength of the current is close to the edge of the continental shelf (200m), which increases in distance offshore,from 13 miles south of East London, to between 12 and 25 miles in the south. As the distance offshore increases, the current decreases somewhat. Off Port Elizabeth, the westerly current has dropped to a few knots. Closer inshore a counter current, mainly following the coastline is more pronounced, especially in the Algoa Bay area. Yachts on the southbound run, would normally keep in the current but when a fresh NE wind is blowing and the barometer is failing, the probability exists that a fresh to strong SW wind is on its way and a move closer inshore would be prudent. See separate section on ABNORMAL WAVES.

MAJOR LIGHTS

Name Position Characteristics Height Range Remarks

m M

Hood Point 33’02.4'S FI(4)W.40s 55 28 Wh/Red tower

27’53.9'E

Great Fish 33’31.2'S FI.W. 10s 85 30 Wh/Bi. striped 8-sided

Point 27’06.5'E tower, Red dome

Bird Island 33’50.5'S FI(2)W.20s 30 27 RedNVh. tower, Wh. cross

26’17.3'E on N and S sides

Deal (Port 33’54.9'S FI.W. 10 28 24 Square on tower

Elizabeth) 25’36.9'E Red lantern house

Dispatch Buoy 33'58.8'S Q(3)W. 10s E Cardinal pillar buoy

(Roman Rock) 25’41.9'E

Cape Recife 34’01.7'S FI.W.30s 28 29 Wh/Bi. 8-sided tower,

25’42. 1'E F.W. Red dome

R 162- - 190-(280)

W 190- - 162- (332')

Port Elizabeth Harbour

South Breakwater

33057.2'S FI(2)R.6s 16 13 Wh. tower

25038.6'E

Fog Signal Horn Mo(Q)30s

Western Quay 33057.3'S FI(3)G.5s 16 8 Metal pole (1 0)

Outer 25038.3'E

Western Quay 33'57.5'S F. G. 9 2 Wh. pole (3)

Inner 25"38.5'E

Harbour Leading Light 167'45'

Direct Light 33057.8'S Dir.WRG. 37 12 Tower 25038.7'E

ARRIVAL AT PORT ELIZABETH

An almost direct approach can be made from the east, passing either side of the extensive Riy Bank. The seas break heavily over this bank after southwesterly gales. If passing south of this bank keep to the seaward side of Despatch Rock (Roman Rock). The safewater buoy (Iso 2sec RW) is approximately 21/2miles east of the breakwater. A good landmark is the Port Control Tower on the north sea wall of the harbour entrance. Shape a course to the north of this, to pass north of the South Breakwater head, alter course to follow the leading line into the harbour. At night the leading lights show white See Lights Section).

Call up Port Elizabeth Port Control (VHF Ch. 16), when about 15 minutes sailing time from the harbour. Port control will direct you to the yacht basin. Be prepared to wait, if there are shipping movements, best heave-to just east of the breakwater.

Strong southwesterly winds are frequent. if unable to enter harbour under these conditions, good sheltered holding ground, in soundings of 15 meters will be found between the approach Channel and Roman Rock. There is no shelter outside of the harbour during easterly gales.

The yacht club, in the south of the harbour, is protected by a rubber floating boom, which is low and difficult to see, especially at night. There is a flashing port and starboard light on either end. Course to clear should be set to portside.

The Algoa Bay Yacht Club offers limited walk-on moorings. It is advisable to phone the yacht club from your previous port to reserve a berth. ABYC offers the usual facilities, has an excellent bar and restaurant and a braai area. Port Elizabeth is known as the "friendly city" - the yacht club is no exception. Visitors are welcome.

The city centre is some distance away, but generally a lift by a car into town is easily arranged. There is a well-stocked yacht chandlery in the city, Star Marine. If you need equipment or just want to browse, phone them, and they will be happy to fetch you from the yacht club. (See "Useful Contacts" on page 14).

PORT ELIZABETH TO MOSSEL

BAY

CHARTS SAN 125,124,123, OR SAN

57 OR BA 2085, 2084

DISTANCE-. 175 miles

The two areas to be avoided after exiting the Port are Dispatch Rocks (Roman Rocks), (keep to seaward side), and Cape Recife. Dangerous reefs, rocks, wrecks, litter the area to almost 2 miles seaward in all directions. Care should be taken to avoid being caught in an inshore flow of current into Shelly Bay and all bays further westward. Between rocky Cape Recife and Cape St. Francis, the coastline flattens out to wide sandy shores. To the north the mountains provide a prominent backdrop. Westwards to Mossel Bay, the narrow strip of coastal plain, is backed by a series of mountain ranges. Wide sandy bays are separated by rocky headlands, off which submerged reefs extend often 2 miles offshore. Between Knysna and Mossel Bay vessels are advised to keep at least 2 1/2 miles seaward of a rocky foul area. The winds tend to follow the coastline

Ports of possible anchorages:

Port St. Francis

40 miles west of Port Elizabeth, is a residential Marina development, on the NE side of Cape St. Francis. Visiting yachts are welcome. Prior reservation is urged, as there is limited space. Contact harbour master on VHF Ch. 16 - refer chart SAN SC 9. There is reported to be good anchoring in sand in the vicinity of the marina, but not in strong easterly winds.

Plettenberg Bay (chart SAN 1 022) This Bay offers good anchorage in sand, except in Southeast gales. Landing through surf is often difficult. On the rocks of Beacon Island is a modern Hotel of the same name.

Knysna Lagoon (chart SAN 1021) Knysna is considered to be one of the most relaxing and beautiful ports of call on the Southern Cape coast. The entry is made between the Eastern and Western heads, two steep and rocky headlands. Emu Rock with a least depth of 1.2m over it and over which the sea does not always break, lies near the centre of the entrance. The chart is essential. Favour the south side of the entrance. Do not attempt to enter Knysna heads in flood or ebb tide, as the current can run up to 7 knots. One hour before high tide is the best time. Do not attempt to enter after a strong southwesterly blow, when heavy ground swells prevail, as these swells will break across the entrance. Whilst in Port Elizabeth, phone the National Sea Rescue Institute, or harbour master (see contact numbers section on page 14) to assess conditions. Often if the NSRI knows of your coming they may send a boat out to guide you through. Before entering, daylight only, call up on VHF Ch. 16.

An extract from a letter written by the Knysna Yacht Club re:approach (written 1999). "A safe entry point is

34’05'45S and 23’03'57E. The water depth at this point is 20m. The leading line takes a yacht on a course of 0060 true, and it is important not to deviate from this line, even when in very close proximity to rocks on the portside. When well into the entrance, aim for a point roughly 30 metres to the west of the front leading light beacon. Turn to port and follow the porthand shoreline." It is best to follow the mid channel markers (red and white stripes) closely. "Keep this course until abreast of the microwave tower on top of the hill (portside), then turn to starboard and keep to the leading marks on the hillside below the tower. This course leads to Thesens Jetty. Carry on northwards to the yacht club, tie up to the clubs floating jetty and report to the manager."

There is a commercial marina just off the yacht club.

Mossel Bay (chart SAN 1020) is an attractive town, with a small fishing harbour. Within the harbour there is a small yacht marina. Entry is difficult in late afternoon as one is looking towards the setting sun. If entering in a strong to gale force southerly, steer well clear of East Breakwater, as SE swell surges towards breakwater. If the swell is big, and breaks occasionally, the advice is to ride the crest of the wave. Before entering call on VHF Ch 16.

There are also steel mooring buoys maintained by the yacht club, outside the starboard entrance to the harbour. Anchoring in sand near these buoys is reported to be excellent.

LILIST OF DANGERS

Sunken wrecks 33'56'S; 25'39'E Dispatch or Roman Rocks

33'59'S; 25'42'E Riy Bank 34'00'S; 25’52'E Thunderbolt Reef

34"02'S; 25’42'E

Reef, Chelsea Point

34’03'S; 25’38'E Holland Reef 34'02'S; 25’29'E Foul ground, Classen Point

34’02'S; 25’26'E

Foul ground, Seekoei Point 34’05'S; 24’55'E Rocky bottom, Kromme Bay

34’09'S; 24'06'E

Reef, Cape St. Francis

34’12'S; 24’52'E Reef, Seal Pt 34'1 3'S; 24'50'E Reef, Thys Pt 34’12'S; 24043'E Reef, Klippen Point

34'1 l'S; 24'36'E

Foul ground off Klasie River

34’007'S; 24’24'E

Foul ground off Eerste River

34’05'S; 24’14'E

23,5m bank off Storms River

34'03'S; 23'53'E

Rocks off Beacon Island

34’04'S; 23'23'E

Whale Rock - Cape Seal 34'07'S; 23’25'E Rocks awash 34’06'S; 23'1 3'E East Cape Rocks

34'05'S; 23005'E Emu Rock 34004.8'S; 23’03.6'E Rocks off Knysna Entrance

34’05'S; 23’04'E Reef, Walker Pt 34’06'S; 22"59'E Foul area 34'05'S; 22'50'E Submerged rocks- Gericke Point 34’02'S; 22'46'E

Blinder Rock- Cape St. Blaize 34’1l'S; 22’10 'E

THE AGULHAS CURRENT (for this section)

This current flows roughly WSW parallel to the coast. The strongest flow is close to the 200m line. The flow in the north often results in inshore sets into bays, which may be strong, usually heralding the advent of a SW buster. (See ABNORMAL WAVES section).

Westward of longitude 24'E, the Agulhas Current continues in a generally westward direction spreading out over the Agulhas bank, and weakening to a rate of Y2to 1 knot.

The north edge of this current has a tendency to set towards the land, increasing during and after gales, constitutes a dangerous element in the navigation of this stretch of coast.

An inshore easterly counter current may be experienced anything up to 6 miles offshore.

MAJOR LIGHTS

Name Position Characteristic Height Range Remarks

m M

Algoa Bay

Dispatch Buoy 33'58.8'S Q(3)W.10s E Cardinal pillar

(Roman Rock) 25'41.9'E buoy

Cape Recife 34’01.7'S FI.W.30s 28 29 Wh/Bl. 8-sided

25’42.1'E tower, red dome

R 1620 - 190'(28')

W 190- - 162- (332')

Fog Signal Horn Mo(B)30s

Port St. Francis

North 34’11.0'S Q.G. 6,5 2 Green pole

Breakwater 24’51.1'E

South 34’10.9'S Q. R. 8 2 Red pole

Breakwater 24’51.1'E

Seal Point 34'1 2.5'S FI.W.5s 36 28 Wh. round masonry

24’50.1'E tower

Fog Signal Horn Mo(C)30s

Cape Seal 34’06.4'S FI(2)W.30s 144 15 Yel. circle on Wh.

23’24.3'E lattice tower

Cape St. Blaize 34’11.2'S FI(2)W. 1 5s 73 25 Wh. square tower

22’09.5'E

Mossel Bay Harbour

Breakwater 34’10.5'S Q. R. 12 6 Wh. lattice structure

22’08.9'E

Vincent Jetty 34’10.7'S F. R. 14 4 Column

22’08.9'E

No 4 Quay 34’10.6'S FI.G.3s 13 4 Column with vertical

NE corner 22’08.8'E neon strip light

(outer)

MOSSEL BAY TO CAPE AGULHAS

CHARTS SAN 122,121, OR SAN 57,

OR BA 2083